Luna 3 - Wikipedia. Luna 3. Luna 3. Mission type. Lunar flyby. Operator. OKB- 1. Harvard designation. Theta 1. SATCAT no. Orbits completed. Spacecraft properties. Spacecraft. Ye- 2. A No. 1. Manufacturer. OKB- 1. Launch mass. Start of mission. EL PODER DE LA LUNA Rituales en luna llena. La luna tiene un gran poder sobre la tierra y sobre nosotros mismos, por este motivo desde tiempos ancestrales el hombre. Elysium (2013) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Este es otro video editado por mi. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Launch date. 4 October 1. UTC0. 0: 4. 3: 3. Z) UTC. It was the first- ever mission to photograph the far side of the Moon. It was also the third space probe to be sent to the neighborhood of the Moon. Though it returned rather poor pictures by later standards, the historic, never- before- seen views of the far side of the Moon caused excitement and interest when they were published around the world, and a tentative Atlas of the Far Side of the Moon was created after image processing improved the pictures. These views showed mountainous terrain, very different from the near side, and only two dark, low- lying regions which were named Mare Moscoviense (Sea of Moscow) and Mare Desiderii (Sea of Desire). Mare Desiderii was later found to be composed of a smaller mare, Mare Ingenii (Sea of Ingenuity), and several other dark craters. The reason for this difference between the two sides of the Moon is still not fully understood, but it seems that most of the dark lavas that flowed out to produce the maria formed under the Earth- facing half. The probe was 1. 30 cm long and 1. Most of the cylindric section was roughly 9. The canister was hermetically sealed and pressurized to about 0. Several solar cells were mounted on the outside of the cylinder, and these provided electric power to the storage batteries inside the space probe. Shutters for thermal control were positioned along the cylinder and opened to expose a radiating surface when the internal temperature exceeded 2. The upper hemisphere of the probe held the covered opening for the cameras. Customized modular furniture and storage including hide-away beds, home offices, closets, and garages. Luna 3, or E-2A No.1 was a Soviet spacecraft launched in 1959 as part of the Luna programme. It was the first-ever mission to photograph the far side of the Moon. Four antennas protruded from the top of the probe and two from its bottom. Other scientific equipment was mounted on the outside, including micrometeoroid and cosmic ray detectors, and the Yenisey- 2 imaging system. The gas jets for its attitude control system were mounted on the lower end of the spacecraft. Several photoelectric cells helped maintain orientation with respect to the Sun and the Moon. There were no rocket motors for course corrections. Its interior held the cameras and the photographic film processing system, radio transmitter, storage batteries, gyroscopic units, and circulating fans for temperature control. It was spin- stabilized for most of its flight, but its three- axis attitude control system was activated while taking photos. Luna 3 was radio- controlled from ground stations in the Soviet Union. Mission. Initial radio contact showed that the signal from the space probe was only about one- half as strong as expected, and the internal temperature was rising. The spacecraft spin axis was reoriented and some equipment was shut down, resulting in a temperature drop from 4. At a distance of 6. Moon, the orientation system was turned on and the spacecraft rotation was stopped. The lower end of the craft was pointed at the Sun, which was shining on the far side of the Moon. The space probe passed within 6,2. Moon near its south pole at the closest lunar approach at 1. UT on 6 October 1. On 7 October, the photocell on the upper end of the space probe detected the sunlit far side of the Moon, and the photography sequence was started. The first picture was taken at 0. UT at a distance of 6. Moon, and the last picture was taken 4. A total of 2. 9 pictures were taken, covering 7. After the photography was complete the spacecraft resumed spinning, passed over the north pole of the Moon and returned towards the Earth. Attempts to transmit the pictures to the Soviet Union began on October 8 but the early attempts were unsuccessful due to the low signal strength. As Luna 3 drew closer to the Earth, a total of about 1. October. All contact with the probe was lost on 2. October 1. 95. 9. The space probe was believed to have burned up in the Earth's atmosphere in March or April 1. Another possibility was that it might have survived in orbit until 1. First gravity assist. After launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Luna 3 passed behind the Moon from south to north and headed back to Earth. The gravity of the Moon changed the spacecraft's orbit; also, because of the Moon's own orbital motion, the spacecraft's orbital plane was also changed. The return orbit was calculated so that the spacecraft passed again over the Northern hemisphere where the Soviet ground stations were located. The maneuver relied on research performed under the direction of Mstislav Keldysh at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. The imaging system was designated Yenisey- 2 and consisted of a dual- lens camera AFA- E1, an automatic film processing unit, and a scanner. The lenses on the camera were a 2. The camera carried 4. The 2. 00 mm objective could image the full disk of the Moon and the 5. The camera was fixed in the spacecraft and pointing was achieved by rotating the craft itself. Luna- 3 was the first successful three- axis stabilized spacecraft. During most of the mission, the spacecraft was spin stabilized, but for photography of the Moon, the spacecraft oriented one axis toward the Sun and then a photocell was used to detect the Moon and orient the cameras towards it. Detection of the Moon signaled the camera cover to open and the photography sequence to start automatically. The images alternated between both cameras during the sequence. After photography was complete, the film was moved to an on- board processor where it was developed, fixed, and dried. Commands from the Earth were then given to move the film into a flying spot scanner where a spot produced by a cathode ray tube was projected through the film onto a photoelectric multiplier. The spot was scanned across the film and the photomultiplier converted the intensity of the light passing through the film into an electric signal which was transmitted to the Earth (via frequency- modulated analog video, similar to a facsimile). A frame could be scanned with a resolution of 1. Earth and a faster rate at closer ranges. The camera took 2. October 1. 95. 9, from 0. UT to 0. 4: 1. 0 UT at distances ranging from 6. Seventeen (some say twelve) of these frames were successfully transmitted back to the Earth (tracking stations in Crimea and Kamchatka), and six were published (frames numbered 2. They were humankind's first views of the far hemisphere of the Moon. The imaging system was developed by P. F. Rosselevich at the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute for Television and the returned images were processed and analyzed by Iu. N. Lipskii and his team at the Sternberg Astronomical Institute. The camera AFA- E1 was developed and manufactured by the KMZ factory (Krasnogorskiy Mekhanicheskiy Zavod). The film, temperature- resistant and radiation- hardened, came from American Genetrix balloons which had been recovered by the Soviets. Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 1. 4 December 2. Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 1. 4 December 2.
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